Excerpt from Accuracy of the Formulas for the Ratio, Regulation, and Phase Angle of Transformers In the derivation, to avoid confusion or was taken positive when the phase relations were as shown in figure 1. In the final formulas given below, however, the sign has been changed so that the phase angle is positive when the reversed secondary voltage leads the primary. When j; signs occur the upper sign should be used for lagging and the lower for leading secondary current. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.