The theorem of Pythagoras, Euclid's "Elements", Archimedes' method to find the volume of a sphere: all parts of the invaluable legacy of ancient mathematics. Its discoveries and insights continue to amaze and fascinate the modern reader. But ancient mathematics was also about counting and measuring, surveying land and attributing mystical significance to the number six. This volume offers the first accessible survey of the discipline in all its variety and diversity of practices. The period covered ranges from the fifth century BC to the sixth century AD, with the focus on the Mediterranean region. Topics include: * mathematics and politics in classical Greece * the formation of mathematical traditions * the self-image of mathematicians in the Graeco-Roman period * mathematics and Christianity * the use of the mathematical past in late antiquity There are also segments on historiographical issues - such as the nature of the evidence on early Greek mathematics, or the problem of the authentic text of the "Elements" - as well as individual sections on ancient mathematicians from Plato and Aristotle to Pappus and Eutocius. Fully illustrated with plates, drawings and diagrams, and with an extensive bibliography, Ancient Mathematics will be a valuable reference tool for non-specialists, as well as being essential reading for those studying the history of science.