The future development of biomedical and protective textiles with selective properties that benefit the consumer will be based on applying scientific and clinical advances in wound healing, antimicrobials, and enzyme-based fabrics. This book presents the current research on natural and synthetic fiber-based textiles. Specific topics include designing antimicrobial textiles in an age of resistant microbes, biologically active biodegradable textiles, arterial grafts as biomedical textiles, determining antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of textiles, novel enzyme-based methods for textile fibers, interactions of proteins and peptides on textile surfaces, regenerable antimicrobial textiles, issues in the design of chronic would dressings, the biodeterioration of wool, and advances in the modification of synthetic fibers with biological activity.