William J. Rothwell is a professor of human resource development in the department of adult education, instructional systems and workforce education and development on the University Park campus of The Pennsylvania State University. He has authored, coauthored, edited or coedited more than forty books about human resource development, human resource management, organization development, and training and development. Joseph A. Benkowski is associate dean for outreach and program director for the masters in training and development at the University of Wisconsin-Stout. He is also director of the Stout Technology Transfer Institute. He was with a Fortune 500 company and worked as corporate technical training manager in that capacity for many years before he accepted the position at the University of Wisconsin.