A selection of invited chapters focusing on developments in the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to compressible or incompressible flows dominated by turbulence effects. These may be applied to complex geometrical configurations or flow-fields in simpler geometries requiring higher-order turbulence modelling, or suitably modified low-order models, to calculate crucial parameters such as instabilities, transition, separation, accurate description of velocity and scalar fields, and local and total forces. The book consists of nine chapters which cover DNS applications, advanced first- and second-order turbulence models, LES models, complex shear flows, turbomachinery applications, rotating blades, complex geometries, supersonic flows, and marine hydrodynamics.