Albert C. Hyde is Senior Scholar in Residence in the Department of Public Administration and Policy School of Public Affairs at American University. He has been an advisory consultant for the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Forest Service on federal policy and strategy development. From 1992 to 2008, he was a senior consultant for the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C.. His academic experience includes directing public administration programs at San Francisco State University and the University of Pittsburgh. He holds an MPA and a PhD from the State University of New York at Albany. Jay M. Shafritz is professor emeritus of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. He is the author, co-author, or editor of more than 40 textbooks and reference books on business and public administration. He holds a doctorate from Temple University and an MPA from the Baruch College of the City University of New York.