Stephen Morris is Professor of Health Economics at University College London (UCL). He is a member of the Health Care Evaluation Group and is affiliated with the UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre and the Division of Research Strategy. Prior to coming to UCL Steve worked at the Health Economics Research Group at Brunel University, the Imperial College Business School, and the Department of Economics at City University. He has an MSc in Health Economics from the University of York, and a PhD in Economics from City University. Nancy Devlin is Director of Research at the Office of Health Economics (OHE) in London.? Nancy joined the OHE in 2009, bringing over 20 years of experience in health economics research. Nancy has published original research on a wide range of health economics topics in economics, health services research and health policy journals. She has experience as a consultant and advisor to Government and non-Government health care organisations in the UK and internationally. Nancy's principal areas of research expertise are the measurement and valuation of patient reported health outcomes; the cost effectiveness thresholds used in making judgments about value for money in health care; priority setting in health care; production, performance and efficiency of hospitals; and the determinants of patient choice. David Parkin is Professor of Health Economics and Director of the City Health Economics Centre at City University London. His main research interests are the production of health and health care, the development of health status output measures for health care, health care decision making and studies of health expenditure. He is the organiser of the UK Health Econmists' Study Group. Dr Anne Spencer is Senior Lecturer in the School of Economics and Finance at Queen Mary University of London. Dr Spencer mentors health economists to use modeling techniques to aid decision-making at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). In addition, she is involved in research to apply modeling techniques to improve the design of clinical trials and to develop guidelines for researchers on the use of modeling techniques to inform cost effective studies. Anne is also senior health economics advisor for the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit (PCTU).