ASA reprints the most current FAA Practical Test Standards in this series of handy cockpit-sized guides. This is the reprint of FAA-S-8081-9D, Flight Instructor Instrument for Airplane & Helicopter. The PTS guide students, instructors, and FAA-designated examiners through checkrides. Written by the FAA, these books list the knowledge and experience prerequisites, the levels of skill that must be demonstrated before an examiner can issue a certificate or rating to an applicant, and give the applicable background study and reference materials.