Laurent Ferrara is head of the International Macroeconomics Division at the Banque de France and adjunct professor of Economics at the University of Paris Nanterre. He holds a PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Paris North (2001) and a postdoctoral  qualification in Economics from the University of Paris 1 – Panthéon – Sorbonne (2007). His academic research mainly focuses on international economics, macroeconomic forecasting, non-linear econometric methods and business cycle analysis. Ignacio Hernando has been head of the International Economics Division at Banco de España since 2010. He received his B.A. in Economics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, an M.A. in Monetary Economics at CEMFI, and a PhD in Economics at UNED. He is a member of the International Relations Committee of the European System of Central Banks. His main research interests are international macroeconomics and monetary policy.Daniela Marconiis a senior advisor at Banca d’Italia. Since 2002, she has worked in the International Relations and Economics Directorate, conducting macroeconomic analysis and research on emerging markets. She holds an M.A. in Economics from CORIPE Piemonte (Turin, Italy) and an M.A. in Economics from Duke University (NC, USA). Her main academic interests are international macroeconomics, technological advances, economic growth and environmental economics. She has authored numerous papers and articles in these areas.