The new edition of Barnet's Literature for Composition continues to offer superior coverage of reading, writing, and arguing about literature and a deep anthology of readings presented in Sylvan Barnet's signature accessible style. A new chapter one gives students a crash course on writing an effective essay. Six new student essays provide helpful models of student writing on a wide array of topics with ninteen essays in all. Two timely thematic units have been added: --"The World Around Us" and "The Sporting Life." The new 2009 MLA guidelines are included in an appendix for guidance on writing papers.
Table of Contents
Seledtions found in MyLiteratureLab are indicated with MLL Contents by Genre xxii List of Illustrations xxix Preface to Instructors xxxi Letter to Students xxxii P A R T I Getting Started: From Response to Argument 1 C H A P T E R 1 How to Write an Effective Essay: A Crash Course 3 The Basic Strategy 3 Looking Closely: Approaching a First Draft 4 Revising: Achieving a Readable Draft 6 _ Checklist for Revising a Draft 9 Peer Review 9 Preparing the Final Version 9 C H A P T E R 2 The Writer as Reader 11 Reading and Responding 11 KATE CHOPIN / Ripe Figs 11 Reading as Re-creation 12 Collecting Evidence, Making Reasonable Inferences 13 Reading with Pen in Hand 14 Recording Your First Responses 14 Identifying Your Audience and Purpose 16 Your Turn: Arguing a Thesis in an Essay 16 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin's 'Ripe Figs'" 17 MLL The Argument Analyzed 19 Behind the Scenes: Tenori's Essay, from Early Responses to Final Version 20 Other Possibilities for Writing 22 Looking Closely at Two Contemporary Mini-Stories: Lydia Davis's "Childcare" and "City People" 22 LYDIA DAVIS / Childcare 22 LYDIA DAVIS / City People 24 A Story, with a Student's Notes and Final Essay 24 RAY BRADBURY / August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains 24 Student Essay with Preliminary Notes: Esther Daniels, The Lesson of August 2026 29 Stories for Analysis 33 MICHELE SERROS / Senior Picture Day 33 GUY DE MAUPASSANT / The Necklace 38 C H A P T E R 3 The Reader as Writer 45 Developing a Thesis, Drafting, and Writing an Argument 45 Prewriting: Getting Ideas 45 Annotating a Text 45 More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin 45 KATE CHOPIN / The Story of an Hour 45 MLL Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing 47 Focused Free Writing 48 Listing 48 Asking Questions 49 Keeping a Journal 50 Arguing with Yourself: Critical Thinking 51 Arguing a Thesis 52 _ Checklist: Thesis Sentence 53 Drafting Your Argument 53 A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour" 54 Revising an Argument 56 Outlining an Argument 57 Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking about Counterarguments 58 Final Version of the Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin's 'The Story of an Hour'" 59 A Brief Overview of the Final Version 61 Writing on Your Computer 62 _ Checklist: Writing with a Computer 62 Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis 63 KATE CHOPIN / Desiree's Baby 63 A Student's Analysis: Gus Hodges, "Race and Identity in 'Desiree's Baby'" 67 KATE CHOPIN / The Storm 71 MLL JOHN STEINBECK / The Chrysanthemums 76 ANTON CHEKHOV / Misery 83 MLL C H A P T E R 4 Reading Literature Closely: Argument 88 Beginning with Proverbs 88 Proverbs as Literature 88 Proverbs as Arguments 89 Are Proverbs True? Is Literature True? 90 Arguments in Lyric Poems 91 A. E. HOUSMAN / Loveliest of trees, the cherry now 92 JOHN DONNE / The Flea 93 Fables and Arguments 94 AESOP / The City Mouse and the Country Mouse 94 Thinking Further about "Messages" in Literature: Two Mini-Stories and Two Poems 95 EMILY WU / The Lesson of the Master 96 JESSE LEE KERCHEVAL / Carpathia 98 ROBERT FROST / Design 99 LINDA PASTAN / Ethics 99 C H A P T E R 5 Reading Literature Closely: Explication 101 What Is Literature? 101 Literature and Form 101 Form and Meaning 102 ROBERT FROST / The Span of Life 103 Reading in Slow Motion 104 Explication 105 A Sample Explication 106 LANGSTON HUGHES / Harlem 106 MLL Working Toward an Explication 107 Some Journal Entries 108 A Sample Essay by a Student (Final Version): "Langston Hughes's 'Harlem'" 109 Explication as Argument 112 _ Checklist: Drafting an Explication 113 Why Write? Purpose and Audience 114 Your Turn: Poems for Explication 115 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / Sonnet 73 (That time of year thou mayst in me behold) 115 MLL JOHN DONNE / Holy Sonnet XIV (Batter my heart, three-personed God) 116 MLL EMILY BRONTAi / Spellbound 117 LI-YOUNG LEE / I Ask My Mother to Sing 118 RANDALL JARRELL / The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner 118 C H A P T E R 6 Reading Literature Closely: Analysis 120 Analysis 120 Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon 121 The Judgment of Solomon 121 Analyzing the Story 122 Other Possible Topics for Analysis 123 Analyzing a Story from the New Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son 124 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 125 Summary 126 Paraphrase 127 Comparison: An Analytic Tool 129 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Two New Women" 131 Looking at the Essay 135 _ Checklist: Revising a Comparison 135 Evaluation in Explication and Analysis 136 Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis in an Analytic Paper 137 Analyzing a Story 139 JAMES THURBER / The Secret Life of Walter Mitty 139 Working Toward a Thesis: Journal Entries 142 Developing the Thesis: Making Lists 143 Sample Draft by a Student: "Walter Mitty Is No Joke" 144 Developing an Argument 146 Introductory Paragraphs 146 Middle Paragraphs 148 Concluding Paragraphs 148 Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions 150 _ Checklist: Revising Paragraphs 150 Review: Writing an Analysis 151 A Note on Technical Terminology 151 A Lyric Poem and a Student's Argument 152 APHRA BEHN / Song: Love Armed 152 Journal Entries 152 A Sample Essay by a Student: "The Double Nature of Love" 153 _ Checklist: Editing a Draft 156 Your Turn: Short Stories and Poems for Analysis 157 EDGAR ALLAN POE / The Cask of Amontillado 157 KATHERINE ANNE PORTER / The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 163 JOSAe ARMAS / El Tonto del Barrio 169 LESLIE MARMON SILKO / The Man to Send Rain Clouds 174 BILLY COLLINS / Introduction to Poetry 178 ROBERT FROST / The Road Not Taken 179 MLL ROBERT HERRICK / To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 180 MARTAiN ESPADA / Bully 181 C H A P T E R 7 Arguing an Interpretation 183 Interpretation and Meaning 183 Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning? 183 What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation? 184 An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants" 185 PAT MORA / Immigrants 185 Thinking Critically about Responses to Literature 186 Two Interpretations by Students 187 ROBERT FROST / Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 188 MLL Sample Essay by a Student: "Stopping by Woods--and Going On" 189 Sample Essay by a Student: "'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' as a Short Story" 193 Your Turn: Poems for Interpretation 197 ROBERT FROST / Mending Wall 197 T. S. ELIOT / The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 199 MLL JOHN KEATS / Ode on a Grecian Urn 203 MLL THOMAS HARDY / The Man He Killed 205 GWENDOLYN BROOKS / The Mother 206 MLL Stories for Interpretation 207 EDGAR ALLAN POE / The Masque of the Red Death 207 WILLA CATHER / Paul's Case 212 JOYCE CAROL OATES / Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? 225 MLL Thinking Critically: Case Study on William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" 236 Overview of the Case Study 236 WILLIAM FAULKNER / A Rose for Emily 237 MLL Typescript Showing Material Deleted from the Published Version 245 WILLIAM FAULKNER / Comments on the Story 250 Two Interpretations by Students, with Notes/Outlines 252 SALLY FREER / Why Miss Emily Grierson Killed Homer Barron 252 JOHN DAREMO / Insight into Horror: The Role of the Narrator in "A Rose for Emily" 258 C H A P T E R 8 Arguing an Evaluation 267 Criticism and Evaluation 267 Are There Critical Standards? 267 Morality and Truth as Standards 268 Other Ways of Thinking about Truth and Realism 269 Your Turn: Poems and Stories for Evaluation 271 SARAH N. CLEGHORN / The Golf Links 272 WILFRED OWEN / Dulce et Decorum Est 272 WILFRED OWEN / Anthem for Doomed Youth 273 HENRY REED / Naming of Parts 274 KATHERINE MANSFIELD / Miss Brill 275 W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM / The Appointment in Samarra 278 O. HENRY / The Ransom of Red Chief 279 AMBROSE BIERCE / An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 287 ISABEL ALLENDE / If You Touched My Heart 293 HELENA MARIA VIRAMONTES / The Moths 299 ARTHUR C. CLARKE / The Nine Billion Names of God 303 C H A P T E R 9 Research Writing with Sources 309 What Research Is, and What Research Is Not 309 Primary and Secondary Materials 310 Locating Materials: First Steps 310 Other Bibliographic Aids 312 Electronic Sources 312 Encyclopedias: Print and Electronic Versions 312 The Internet/World Wide Web 313 Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web 313 What Does Your Own Institution Offer? 313 _ Checklist: Using the World Wide Web 314 Taking Notes 315 Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Computer 315 A Guide to Note-Taking 315 Drafting the Paper 317 Focus on Primary Sources 318 Avoiding Plagiarism 318 P A R T I I Up Close: Thinking Critically about Literary Works and Literary Forms 321 C H A P T E R 10 Critical Thinking: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions, and Making Comparisons 323 What Is Critical Thinking? 323 Asking and Answering Questions 323 Comparing and Contrasting 324 Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence 326 Thinking Critically: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions and Comparing--E. E. Cummings's "Buffalo Bill 's" 327 E. E. CUMMINGS / Buffalo Bill 's 327 A Short-Short Story, and Its Revised Version 330 RAYMOND CARVER / Mine 331 RAYMOND CARVER / Little Things 331 Your Turn: Writing an Argument about Carver's Two Stories 333 C H A P T E R 11 A Brief Guide: Writing about Literature 334 Standing Back: Kinds of Writing 334 Getting Close: Drafting the Essay 335 Generating Ideas 335 Revising a Draft 337 _ Checklist: Reviewing the Basics 338 Contents xi C H A P T E R 12 Reading and Writing about Essays 339 Types of Essays 339 The Essayist's Persona 340 Voice 340 Tone 341 Prewriting: Identifying the Topic and Thesis 342 BRENT STAPLES / Black Men and Public Space 342 Summary and Analysis 344 Preparing a Summary 345 Stating the Thesis of an Essay 346 Drafting a Summary 347 _ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays 349 Your Turn: Essays for Analysis 351 LANGSTON HUGHES / Salvation 351 LAURA VANDERKAM / Hookups Starve the Soul 353 C H A P T E R 13 Reading and Writing about Stories 355 Stories True and False 355 GRACE PALEY / Samuel 355 Elements of Fiction 358 Plot and Character 358 Foreshadowing 359 Setting and Atmosphere 360 Symbolism 360 Narrative Point of View 362 Style and Point of View 364 Theme 364 Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Stories 365 Your Turn: Stories for Analysis 368 LOUISE ERDRICH / The Red Convertible 368 OSCAR CASARES / Yolanda 374 GABRIEL G RCAiA M RQUEZ / A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children 380 JOHN UPDIKE / A & P 385 DIANA CHANG / The Oriental Contingent 389 GISH JEN / Who's Irish? 394 C H A P T E R 14 Thinking Critically: A Case Study about Flannery O'Connor 403 FLANNERY O'CONNOR / A Good Man Is Hard to Find 404 FLANNERY O'CONNOR / Revelation 414 Remarks from Essays and Letters 428 From "The Fiction Writer and His Country" 428 From "Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction" 428 From "The Nature and Aim of Fiction" 428 From "Writing Short Stories" 429 On Interpreting "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" 429 MLL "A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable" 430 C H A P T E R 15 Reading and Writing about Plays 434 Types of Plays 434 Tragedy 434 Comedy 435 Elements of Drama 436 Theme 436 Plot 437 Gestures 438 Setting 439 Characterization and Motivation 439 Organizing an Analysis of a Character 440 First Draft 440 Revised Draft 441 _ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays 443 Reviewing a Dramatic Production 444 A Sample Review by a Student: "An Effective Macbeth" 445 The Review Reviewed 447 Thinking about a Filmed Version of a Play 448 Getting Ready to Write 448 _ Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play 449 Your Turn: Plays for Analysis 450 DAVID IVES / Sure Thing 450 A Note on Greek Tragedy 458 SOPHOCLES / Antigone 460 MLL C H A P T E R 16 Reading and Writing about Poems 488 Elements of Poetry 488 The Speaker and the Poet 488 EMILY DICKINSON / I'm Nobody! Who are you? 488 EMILY DICKINSON / Wild Nights--Wild Nights 489 MLL The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone 490 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / Sonnet 146 (Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth) 491 Writing about the Speaker 492 ROBERT FROST / The Telephone 492 Journal Entries 493 Figurative Language 495 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / Sonnet 130 (My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun) 497 DANA GIOIA / Money 498 ROBERT FROST / The Hardship of Accounting 499 ANONYMOUS / Thirty Days Hath September 499 Imagery and Symbolism 499 EDMUND WALLER / Song (Go, lovely rose) 500 WILLIAM BLAKE / The Sick Rose 501 LINDA PASTAN / Jump Cabling 501 Verbal Irony and Paradox 502 Structure 502 ROBERT HERRICK / Upon Julia's Clothes 503 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick" 503 The Argument Analyzed 506 CHRISTINA ROSSETTI / In an Artist's Studio 506 Explication 507 An Example 508 WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS / The Balloon of the Mind 508 Annotations and Journal Entries 508 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Explication of W. B. Yeats's 'The Balloon of the Mind'" 509 _ Checklist: Explication 511 Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference 512 Meter 513 Patterns of Sound 515 Stanzaic Patterns 516 BILLY COLLINS / Sonnet 518 Blank Verse and Free Verse 519 _ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Poems 519 Your Turn: Poems about People 521 ROBERT BROWNING / My Last Duchess 521 MLL E. E. CUMMINGS / anyone lived in a pretty how town 523 MLL SYLVIA PLATH / Daddy 524 GWENDOLYN BROOKS / We Real Cool 527 MLL ETHERIDGE KNIGHT / For Malcolm, a Year After 528 ANNE SEXTON / Her Kind 529 JAMES WRIGHT / Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota 530 C H A P T E R 17 Thinking Critically about Poems: Two Case Studies 532 A Case Study about Emily Dickinson 532 EMILY DICKINSON / I heard a Fly buzz--when I died-- 534 MLL EMILY DICKINSON / The Soul selects her own Society 534 EMILY DICKINSON / These are the days when Birds come back 535 EMILY DICKINSON / Papa above! 535 EMILY DICKINSON / There's a certain Slant of light 535 MLL EMILY DICKINSON / This World is not Conclusion 536 MLL EMILY DICKINSON / I got so I could hear his name-- 536 EMILY DICKINSON / Those--dying, then 537 EMILY DICKINSON / Apparently with no surprise 537 EMILY DICKINSON / Tell all the Truth but tell it slant 538 A Sample Argument by a Student: "Religion and Religious Imagery in Emily Dickinson" 538 Word and Image 543 JANE FLANDERS / Van Gogh's Bed 544 WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS / The Great Figure 547 ADRIENNE RICH / Mourning Picture 548 CATHY SONG / Beauty and Sadness 551 MARY JO SALTER / The Rebirth of Venus 552 ANNE SEXTON / The Starry Night 555 W. H. AUDEN / Musee des Beaux Arts 557 X. J. KENNEDY / Nude Descending a Staircase 559 GREG PAPE / American Flamingo 560 CARL PHILLIPS / Luncheon on the Grass 562 JOHN UPDIKE / Before the Mirror 564 WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA / Brueghel's Two Monkeys 566 A Case Study on Comparing Poems and Pictures 567 A Sample Argument by a Student: "Two Ways of Looking at a Starry Night" 567 P A R T I I I Standing Back: A Thematic Anthology 571 C H A P T E R 18 The World Around Us 573 Short Views 573 Essays 575 HENRY DAVID THOREAU / The Battle of the Ants 575 BILL MCKIBBEN / Now or Never 577 Stories 582 AESOP / The Ant and the Grasshopper 582 AESOP / The North Wind and the Sun 583 JACK LONDON / To Build a Fire 583 SARAH ORNE JEWETT / A White Heron 594 Poems 600 MATTHEW ARNOLD / In Harmony with Nature 600 THOMAS HARDY / Transformations 602 Contents xv JOHN KEATS / To Autumn 603 GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS / God's Grandeur 604 WALT WHITMAN / A Noiseless Patient Spider 605 EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY / Mindful of you the sodden earth in spring 606 EMILY DICKINSON / "Nature" is what we see 607 EMILY DICKINSON / A narrow Fellow in the Grass 608 Thinking Critically: Case Study about Robert Frost 609 ROBERT FROST / The Pasture 609 MLL ROBERT FROST / Mowing 610 ROBERT FROST / The Wood-Pile 611 ROBERT FROST / The Oven Bird 612 ROBERT FROST / The Need of Being Versed in Country Things 612 ROBERT FROST / The Most of It 613 ROBERT FROST / The Figure a Poem Makes 614 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 19 Journeys 617 Short Views 617 Essays 619 JOAN DIDION / On Going Home 619 MONTESQUIEU / Persian Letters 622 Stories 623 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE / Young Goodman Brown 624 MLL EUDORA WELTY / A Worn Path 632 TONI CADE BAMBARA / The Lesson 638 AMY HEMPEL / Today Will Be a Quiet Day 644 BOBBIE ANN MASON / Shiloh 648 JAMES JOYCE / Eveline 659 Poems 662 JOHN KEATS / On First Looking into Chapman's Homer 662 PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY / Ozymandias 663 ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON / Ulysses 664 COUNTEE CULLEN / Incident 666 WILLIAM STAFFORD / Traveling Through the Dark 667 ADRIENNE RICH / Diving into the Wreck 667 DEREK WALCOTT / A Far Cry from Africa 670 SHERMAN ALEXIE / On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City 671 WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS / Sailing to Byzantium 673 CHRISTINA ROSSETTI / Uphill 675 EMILY DICKINSON / Because I could not stop for Death 676 MLL Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 xvi Contents C H A P T E R 20 Love and Hate 678 Short Views 678 Essay 680 JUDITH ORTIZ COFER / I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened 680 Stories 684 ERNEST HEMINGWAY / Cat in the Rain 684 A Student's Notes and Journal Entries on "Cat in the Rain" 686 Asking Questions about a Story 687 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's American Wife" 689 A Second Example: An Essay Drawing on Related Material in the Chapter 693 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's Unhappy Lovers" 694 ZORA NEALE HURSTON / Sweat 698 MLL BEL KAUFMAN / Sunday in the Park 706 RAYMOND CARVER / Cathedral 709 MLL Poems 719 ANONYMOUS / Western Wind 719 CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE / The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 719 SIR WALTER RALEIGH / The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 720 JOHN DONNE / The Bait 721 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / Sonnet 29 (When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes) 723 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / Sonnet 116 (Let me not to the marriage of true minds) 724 MLL JOHN DONNE / A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 725 ANDREW MARVELL / To His Coy Mistress 726 WILLIAM BLAKE / The Garden of Love 728 WILLIAM BLAKE / A Poison Tree 728 EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY / Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink 730 ROBERT FROST / The Silken Tent 731 ADRIENNE RICH / Novella 732 ADRIENNE RICH / XI (from Twenty-One Love Poems) 732 ROBERT PACK / The Frog Prince 733 JOSEPH BRODSKY / Love Song 734 NIKKI GIOVANNI / Love in Place 735 Play 736 TERRENCE MCNALLY / Andre's Mother 736 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 21 Making Men and Women 740 Short Views 740 Essays 741 STEVEN DOLOFF / The Opposite Sex 741 GRETEL EHRLICH / About Men 743 Stories 745 CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN / The Yellow Wallpaper 746 MLL RICHARD WRIGHT / The Man Who Was Almost a Man 757 GLORIA NAYLOR / The Two 766 ALICE MUNRO / Boys and Girls 772 Poems 781 ANONYMOUS / What Are Little Boys Made Of 781 ANONYMOUS / Higamus, Hogamus 782 DOROTHY PARKER / General Review of the Sex Situation 783 LOUISE BOGAN / Women 783 RITA DOVE / Daystar 784 ROBERT HAYDEN / Those Winter Sundays 785 THEODORE ROETHKE / My Papa's Waltz 786 SHARON OLDS / Rites of Passage 787 FRANK O'HARA / Homosexuality 788 JULIA ALVAREZ / Woman's Work 790 MARGE PIERCY / Barbie Doll 791 Play 792 HENRIK IBSEN / A Dollhouse 792 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 22 Innocence and Experience 843 Short Views 843 Essay 844 GEORGE ORWELL / Shooting an Elephant 844 Stories 849 HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN / The Emperor's New Clothes 849 JAMAICA KINCAID / Girl 853 DANIEL OROZCO / Orientation 854 JAMES BALDWIN / Sonny's Blues 858 JAMES JOYCE / Araby 879 MLL ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER / The Son from America 883 Poems 888 WILLIAM BLAKE / Infant Joy 889 WILLIAM BLAKE / Infant Sorrow 890 WILLIAM BLAKE / The Echoing Green 890 WILLIAM BLAKE / The Lamb 891 WILLIAM BLAKE / The Tyger 892 GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS / Spring and Fall 893 E. E. CUMMINGS / in Just- 894 LOUISE GLA CK / The School Children 895 LOUISE GLA CK / Gretel in Darkness 896 Play 897 Thinking Critically: A Case Study about Shakespeare's Hamlet 897 A Note on the Elizabethan Theater 897 A Note on Hamlet on the Stage 898 A Note on the Text of Hamlet 902 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE / The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 908 ERNEST JONES / Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex 1013 ANNE BARTON / The Promulgation of Confusion 1015 STANLEY WELLS / On the First Soliloquy 1018 ELAINE SHOWALTER / Representing Ophelia 1020 CLAIRE BLOOM / Playing Gertrude on Television 1021 BERNICE W. KLIMAN / The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production 1022 WILL SARETTA / Branagh's Film of Hamlet 1024 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 23 The Sporting Life 1027 Short Views 1027 Essay 1028 JAMES MICHENER / Sports in America 1028 Stories 1035 SHERWOOD ANDERSON / I Want to Know Why 1035 RALPH ELLISON / Battle Royal 1041 MARY ROBISON / Coach 1052 TOBIAS WOLFF / Powder 1062 Poems 1065 LINDA PASTAN / Baseball 1065 LILLIAN MORRISON / The Sidewalker Racer, or On the Skateboard 1066 DIANE ACKERMAN / Pumping Iron 1067 A. E. HOUSMAN / To an Athlete Dying Young 1067 Play 1069 JANE MARTIN / Rodeo 1069 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 24 Identity in America 1073 Short Views 1073 Essays 1074 ANNA LISA RAYA / It's Hard Enough Being Me 1075 ANDREW LAM / Who Will Light Incense When Mother's Gone? 1077 Stories 1079 AMY TAN / Two Kinds 1079 ALICE WALKER / Everyday Use 1087 MLL xviii Contents Contents xix KATHERINE MIN / Courting a Monk 1093 Poems 1103 EMMA LAZARUS / The New Colossus 1104 THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH / The Unguarded Gates 1105 JOSEPH BRUCHAC III / Ellis Island 1106 AURORA LEVINS MORALES / Child of the Americas 1107 GLORIA ANZALDA'A / To Live in the Borderlands Means You 1109 JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA / So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans 1110 LANGSTON HUGHES / Theme for English B 1112 PAT PARKER / For the White Person Who Wants to Know How to be my friend 1113 MITSUYE YAMADA / To the Lady 1115 NILA NORTHSUN / Moving Camp Too Far 1116 Play 1117 LUIS VALDEZ / Los Vendidos 1118 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 25 American Dreams and Nightmares 1184 Short Views 1184 Essays 1186 CHIEF SEATTLE / My People 1187 ELIZABETH CADY STANTON / Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions 1190 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. / I Have a Dream 1193 STUDS TERKEL / Arnold Schwarzenegger's Dream 1197 Stories 1199 KURT VONNEGUT JR. / Harrison Bergeron 1199 LANGSTON HUGHES / One Friday Morning 1204 WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS / The Use of Force 1210 SHIRLEY JACKSON / The Lottery 1214 GRACE PALEY / A Man Told Me the Story of His Life 1220 TIM O'BRIEN / The Things They Carried 1221 Poems 1232 ANONYMOUS / Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel 1233 ROBERT HAYDEN / Frederick Douglass 1234 LORNA DEE CERVANTES / Refugee Ship 1235 EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON / Richard Cory 1236 W. H. AUDEN / The Unknown Citizen 1237 ALLEN GINSBERG / A Supermarket in California 1238 MARGE PIERCY / To be of use 1240 MARGE PIERCY / What's That Smell in the Kitchen? 1240 YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA / Facing It 1241 BILLY COLLINS / The Names 1243 MLL GWENDOLYN BROOKS / The Bean Eaters 1245 DOROTHY PARKER / Resume 1246 Play 1246 LORRAINE HANSBERRY / A Raisin in the Sun 1247 MLL Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 C H A P T E R 26 Law and Disorder 1292 Short Views 1292 Essays 1294 ZORA NEALE HURSTON / A Conflict of Interest 1294 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. / Letter from Birmingham Jail 1298 Stories 1310 ELIZABETH BISHOP / The Hanging of the Mouse 1310 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE / The Maypole of Merry Mount 1312 URSULA K. LE GUIN / The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 1320 WILLIAM FAULKNER / Barn Burning 1324 JAMES ALAN MCPHERSON / An Act of Prostitution 1336 Poems 1346 ANONYMOUS / Birmingham Jail 1347 A. E. HOUSMAN / The Carpenter's Son 1349 A. E. HOUSMAN / Oh who is that young sinner 1350 CLAUDE MCKAY / If We Must Die 1351 JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA / Cloudy Day 1352 CAROLYN FORCHAe / The Colonel 1354 Play 1355 SUSAN GLASPELL / Trifles 1355 Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000 A P P E N D I X A Writing about Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies 1366 The Nature of Critical Writing 1366 Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence 1367 Some Critical Strategies 1368 Formalist Criticism (New Criticism) 1368 Deconstruction 1370 Reader-Response Criticism 1370 Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism) 1371 Historical Criticism 1372 Biographical Criticism 000 Marxist Criticism 000 New Historical Criticism 000 Psychological or Psychoanalytic Criticism 1374 xx Contents Contents xxi Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism 1375 Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work 1379 Suggestions for Further Reading 1380 A P P E N D I X B Remarks about Manuscript Form 1383 Basic Manuscript Form 1383 Corrections in the Final Copy 000 Quotations and Quotation Marks 1384 Quotation Marks or Italics? 1386 A Note on the Possessive 1386 Documentation: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format) 1387 Footnotes 000 Internal Parenthetical Citations 1387 Parenthetical Citations and List of Works Cited 1388 Forms of Citation in Works Cited 1390 Citing Sources on the World Wide Web 1396 _ Checklist: Citing Sources on the Web 1397 MLA General Conventions 000 A P P E N D I X C How Much Do You Know about Citing Sources? A Quiz with Answers 1400 Literary Credits 000 Photo Credits 000 Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems 000 Index of Terms 000
