Jay S. Albanese is professor in the Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. He served as chief of the International Center at the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research arm of the U.S. Department of Justice. Dr. Albanese received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees from Rutgers University and his B.A. from Niagara University. He was the first Ph.D. recipient from the Rutgers School of Criminal Justice. Dr. Albanese is author or editor of over 20 books that include Organized Crime: From the Mob to Transnational Organized Crime (7th ed., Routledge, 2015), Criminal Justice (5th ed., Prentice Hall, 2013), Transnational Crime and the 21st Century (Oxford University Press, 2011), Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (with H. Dammer, 5th ed., Wadsworth, 2014), and editor-in-chief of The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice (Wiley, 2014). Dr. Albanese is recipient of the Elske Smith Distinguished Lecturer Award from Virginia Commonwealth University and the Scholar Award in Criminal Justice from the Virginia Social Science Association. He is a Fulbright Specialist and has served as executive director of the International Association for the Study of Organized Crime, on the Executive Board of the American Society of Criminology, and is a past president and fellow of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.