Carol Nuttall has been teaching English for over twenty years, specialising in Cambridge examination preparation, and is also an oral examiner for Cambridge examinations. She has worked closely with Francesca Mansfield in the past and together they have written several companion and CPE Practice Tests books. Francesca Mansfield was an English teacher for 14 years, specialising in exam preparation, before she turned her attention to writing. Since 2000 she has written a number of EFL books including companions and practice tests.