Almas Heshmati is Professor of Economics at Jönköping University and Sogang University. He held similar positions at the Korea University, Seoul National University, University of Kurdistan Hawler, Korea University and Seoul National University. He was Research Fellow at the World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER), the United Nations University during 2001-04. From 1998 till 2001, he was an Associate Professor of Economics at the Stockholm School of Economics. He has a PhD from the University of Gothenburg (1994), where he held a Senior Researcher’s position until 1998. His research interests include applied microeconomics, globalization, energy, environment, development strategy, efficiency, productivity and growth with application to manufacturing and services. In addition to more than 150 articles in scientific journals he has published books on the EU Lisbon Process, Global Inequality,East Asian Manufacturing, the Chinese Economy, Technology Transfer, Information Technology, Water Resources, Landmines, Power Generation, Renewable Energy, Development Economics, World Values,Poverty, Economic Growth and International Airlines.