The Curious Writer is an assignment-oriented rhetoric-reader that stresses the connections between personal and academic writing. Offering a unique, entertaining, and personal author voice, The Curious Writer is sure to grab the reader's interest and motivates writing. Also distinctive is The Curious Writer's emphasis on inquiry as both a driving force behind the writing process and a method of discovery and learning.

Table of Contents

Preface xxxi Acknowledgments xxxviii PART 1 THE SPIRIT OF INQUIRY 1 CHAPTER 1 WRITING AS INQUIRY 3 Motives for Writing 4 Beliefs About Writing 5 EXERCISE 1.1 What Do You Believe? 5 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Bernice's Journal 6 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Journals 7 Unlearning Unhelpful Beliefs 7 The Beliefs of This Book 8 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Portfolios 9 Writing Situations and Rhetorical Choices 9 Habits of Mind 11 Start with Questions, Not Answers 11 Suspend Judgment 12 Search for Surprise 14 EXERCISE 1.2 A Roomful of Details 14 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Bernice's Journal 15 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Invention Strategies 16 Writing as a Process 17 EXERCISE 1.3 What Is Your Process? 18 Thinking About Your Process 22 EXERCISE 1.4 Literacy Narrative Collage 22 Writing Creatively, Writing Critically: A Process of Writing 23 EXERCISE 1.5 Alternating Currents of Thought: Generating and Judging 25 Thinking and Writing Dialectically 26 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Organizing Your Computer Files 27 Opening Questions 29 Questions, Creativity, and Critical Thinking: A Strategy for Inquiry 30 EXERCISE 1.6 Writing with the Wrong Hand and Other Ways of Thinking About Yourself as a Writer 32 THEWRITING PROCESS 35 Inquiry Project: The Writing Literacy Memoir 35 SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY Bernice Olivas, Writing a New path 36 EXERCISE 1.7 Taking a Reflective Turn 38 Using What You Have Learned 39 CHAPTER 2 READING AS INQUIRY 41 Motives for Reading 42 Beliefs About Reading 43 EXERCISE 2.1 What Do You Believe? 43 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Briana's Journal 44 Reading Situations and Rhetorical Choices 45 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Briana's Journal 47 EXERCISE 2.2 Reading Autobiography 50 Reading as a Process 51 Reading to Write 51 Goal-Directed Reading 53 EXERCISE 2.3 What Do You Know and When Did You Know It? 55 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Briana's Journal 56 Inquiry Questions for Reading to Write 56 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Reading Perspectives 57 Reading Dialectically 61 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Visual Literacy: Reading Photographs 64 EXERCISE 2.4 Reading Creatively, Reading Critically 64 READINGS Bruce Ballenger, "The Importance of Writing Badly" 65 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Briana's Journal 67 Read to Write and Write to Read 69 THE WRITING PROCESS 70 Inquiry Project: The Reading Literacy Memoir 70 STUDENT ESSAY Briana Duquette-Shackley, Reading Literacy Memoir 71 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Double-Entry Journal 73 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Encountering Unfamiliar Genres 74 Using What You Have Learned 75 PART2 INQUIRY PROJECTS 77 CHAPTER 3 WRITING A PERSONAL ESSAY 79 Writing About Experience 79 Motives for Writing a Personal Essay 80 The Personal Essay and Academic Writing 81 Features of the Form 82 READINGS83 PERSONAL ESSAY 1 Scott Russell Sanders, "Buckeye" 83 Inquiring into the Essay 88 PERSONAL ESSAY 2 Laura Zazulak, "Every Morning for Five Years" 89 Inquiring into the Essay 90 PERSONAL ESSAY 3 Judith Ortiz Cofer, "One More Lesson" 91 Inquiring into the Essay 94 SEEING THE FORM Nautilus Shell 95 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES The Personal Academic Essay 96 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Essaying "This I Belive" 97 THE WRITING PROCESS 98 Inquiry Project: Writing a Personal Essay 98 Thinking About Subjects 98 Generating Ideas 98 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Margaret's Journal 99 Listing Prompts 99 Fastwriting Prompts 99 Visual Prompts 100 Research Prompts 101 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Clustering or Mapping 101 Judging What You Have 103 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 103 Questions About Purpose and Audience 103 Questions for Reflection 103 Writing the Sketch 104 STUDENT SKETCH Amanda Stewart, "Earning a Sense of Place" 105 Moving from Sketch to Draft 106 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 106 Questions for Peer Review 107 Reflecting on What You've Learned 107 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 107 Composing the Draft 108 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS More than One Way to Tell a Story 109 Methods of Development 110 Using Evidence 111 Workshopping the Draft 111 Reflecting on the Draft 111 Questions for Readers 111 Revising the Draft 112 Polishing the Draft 113 STUDENT ESSAY Julia C. Arredondo, "Beet Field Dreams" 114 Evaluating the Essay 116 Using What You Have Learned 117 CHAPTER 4 WRITING A PROFILE 119 Writing About People 119 Motives for Writing a Profile 120 The Profile and Academic Writing 121 Features of the Form 122 READINGS123 PROFILE 1 Sonja Livingston, "Thumb-Sucking Girl" 123 Inquiring into the Essay 123 PROFILE 2 Anonymous, "Soup" 124 Inquiring into the Essay 126 PROFILE 3 Timothy Egan, "Alfalfa Bill" 128 Inquiring into the Essay 130 PROFILE 4 Gib Akin, "Learning About Work from Joe Cool" 131 Inquiring into the Essay 135 SEEING THE FORM Roy Takeno Reading Paper in Front of Office by Ansel Adams 136 THE WRITING PROCESS 137 Inquiry Project: Representative Profile 137 Thinking About Subjects 137 Generating Ideas 137 Listing Prompts 138 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Jennifer's Journal 138 Fastwriting Prompts 139 Visual Prompts 139 Research Prompts 140 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Bruce's Journal 140 Judging What You Have 140 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 141 Questions About Audience and Purpose 141 Interviewing 142 Making Contact 142 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Digital Profiles 143 Conducting the Interview 145 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Recording Interviews 146 Listening and Watching 146 INTERVIEW NOTES Margaret Parker, "Medical Student" 147 Writing the Sketch 149 Moving from Sketch to Draft 149 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 150 Questions for Peer Review 150 Reflecting on What You've Learned 150 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 151 Composing the Draft 151 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Giving History a Face and a Voice 151 Methods of Development 152 Using Evidence 152 Workshopping the Draft 152 Reflecting on the Draft 153 Questions for Readers 153 Revising the Draft 153 Polishing the Draft 154 STUDENT ESSAY Margaret Parker, "Medical Student" 156 Evaluating the Essay 158 Using What You Have Learned 159 CHAPTER 5 WRITING A REVIEW 161 Writing That Evaluates 161 Motives for Writing a Review 162 The Review and Academic Writing 163 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Evaluation Across the Disciplines 163 Features of the Form 164 READINGS166 REVIEW 1 Mark Kermode, "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest" 166 Inquiring into the Essay 168 REVIEW 2 Ezra Dyer, "A Ton (Just Barely) of Fun" 170 Inquiring into the Essay 172 REVIEW 3 Seth Schiesel, "Grand Theft Auto Takes on New York" 173 Inquiring into the Essay 176 SEEING THE FORM Choosing the Best Picture 176 THE WRITING PROCESS 178 Inquiry Project: Writing a Review 178 Thinking About Subjects 178 Generating Ideas 178 Listing Prompts 178 Fastwriting Prompts 179 Visual Prompts 179 Research Prompts 179 Judging What You Have 180 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Online Product Reviews 180 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 181 Questions About Audience and Purpose 182 EXERCISE 5.1 From Jury to Judgment 182 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Sam's Journal 184 Thinking About Criteria 184 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Collaborating on Criteria 185 Writing the Sketch 186 STUDENT SKETCH Sam Battey, "River Birch: A Diamond in the Rough" 186 Moving from Sketch to Draft 188 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 188 Questions for Peer Review 189 Reflecting on What You've Learned 189 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 189 Re-Experience 189 Interview 189 Read 190 Composing the Draft 190 Methods of Development 191 Using Evidence 191 Workshopping the Draft 191 Reflecting on the Draft 191 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Christy's Journal 192 Questions for Readers 192 Revising the Draft 193 Polishing the Draft 193 STUDENT ESSAY Sam Battey, "River Birch: A Diamond in the Rough" 195 Evaluating the Essay 197 Using What You Have Learned 197 CHAPTER 6 WRITING A PROPOSAL 199 Writing About Problems and Solutions 199 Problems of Consequence 200 Problems of Scale 201 Motives for Writing a Proposal 202 The Proposal and Academic Writing 202 Features of the Form 203 READINGS205 PROPOSAL 1 David S. Johnston, "Housing and Our Military" 205 Inquiring into the Essay 207 PROPOSAL 2 UC Santa Cruz Dining Services, "Green Dining" 208 Inquiring into the Essay 210 PROPOSAL 3 Michael Pollan, "Why Bother?" 211 Inquiring into the Essay 216 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Writing a Research Proposal 216 SEEING THE FORM A Problem in Pictures: "No Space for Bikes" 217 THE WRITING PROCESS 219 Inquiry Project: Writing a Proposal 219 Thinking About Subjects 219 Generating Ideas 219 Listing Prompts 219 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Caesar's Journal 220 Fastwriting Prompts 220 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Gina's Journal 221 Visual Prompts 222 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Causation 222 Research Prompts 223 Judging What You Have 223 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 223 Questions About Audience and Purpose 224 Questions of Form 224 Research Considerations 224 Writing the Sketch 225 STUDENT SKETCH Gina Sinisi, "Clothing Optional" 226 Moving from Sketch to Draft 227 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 227 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Gina's Journal 227 Questions for Peer Review 228 Reflecting on What You Learned 228 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 228 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Grant Proposals and Group Ethos 229 Composing the Draft 230 Methods of Development 230 Using Evidence 231 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Evidence--A Case Study 232 Workshopping the Draft 232 Reflecting on the Draft 232 Questions for Readers 233 Revising the Draft 233 Polishing the Draft 235 STUDENT ESSAY Gina Sinisi, "Clothing Optional" 235 Evaluating the Essay 238 Using What You Have Learned 238 CHAPTER 7 WRITING AN ARGUMENT 241 Writing to Persuade People 241 What Is Argument? 242 Two Sides to Every Argument? 243 Argument and Inquiry 246 Suspending Judgment 246 Making Judgments 246 Analyzing Argument 247 Using Toulmin 249 Using Logical Fallacies 251 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Common Logical Fallacies 251 Motives for Writing an Argument 252 The Argument and Academic Writing 253 Features of the Form 254 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Public Argument in a Digital Age 256 READINGS257 ARGUMENT 1 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, "The Language of War Is Killing" 257 Inquiring into the Essay 258 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Some Basic Argument Strategies 259 ARGUMENT 2 Jeff Jacoby, "A Teacher with Faith and Reason" 260 Inquiring into the Essay 261 ARGUMENT 3 Loye Young, "Is Humiliation an Ethically Appropriate Response to Plagiarism?" 263 Inquiring into the Essay 264 SEEING THE FORM The "Imagetext" as Argument 265 THE WRITING PROCESS 266 Inquiry Project: Writing a Public Argument 266 Thinking About Subjects 266 Generating Ideas 267 Listing Prompts 267 Fastwriting Prompts 267 Visual Prompts 268 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Ben's Journal 268 Research Prompts 269 Judging What You Have 270 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 270 Questions About Audience and Purpose 271 Research Considerations 271 Narrowing the Question 273 Writing the Sketch 273 STUDENT SKETCH Ben Bloom, "How to Really Rock the Vote" 274 Moving from Sketch to Draft 275 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 275 Questions for Peer Review 275 Reflecting on What You've Learned 276 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 276 Composing the Draft 278 Methods of Development 279 Using Evidence 280 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS What Evidence Can Do 280 Workshopping the Draft 281 Reflecting on the Draft 281 Questions for Readers 281 Revising the Draft 281 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Argument in Academic Disciplines 282 Polishing the Draft 283 STUDENT ESSAY Kelly Sundberg, "I Am Not a Savage" 284 Evaluating the Essay 286 Using What You Have Learned 286 CHAPTER 8 WRITING A CRITICAL ESSAY 289 Writing About Literature 289 Motives for Writing a Critical Essay 290 The Critical Essay and Academic Writing 291 Features of the Form 292 READINGS293 SHORT STORY 1 Ursula Le Guin, "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" 293 Inquiring into the Story 298 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Bernice's Double-Entry Journal 298 SHORT STORY 2 Leslie Marmon Silko, "Lullaby" 300 Inquiring into the Story 307 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Noel's Journal 308 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Why Literary Theory Is Not a Sleep Aid 308 ESSAY Sarah Vowell, "Shooting Dad" 310 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS How to Read Nonfiction 315 Inquiring into the Essay 316 SEEING THE FORM Christina's World by Andrew Wyeth 316 THE WRITING PROCESS 319 Inquiry Project: Writing a Critical Essay 319 Thinking About Subjects 319 Generating Ideas 320 Listing Prompts 320 Fastwriting Prompts 320 Visual Prompts 321 Research Prompts 321 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Common Literary Devices 322 Judging What You Have 323 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 323 Questions About Audience and Purpose 324 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS What Is a "Strong Reading"? 325 Writing the Sketch 326 STUDENT SKETCH Bernice Olivas, "Who Are 'The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas'?" 327 Moving from Sketch to Draft 328 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 328 Questions for Peer Review 328 Reflecting on What You've Learned 328 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 329 Composing the Draft 329 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Literature on the Web 330 Methods of Development 331 Using Evidence 331 Workshopping the Draft 331 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Book Groups 332 Reflecting on the Draft 332 Questions for Readers 332 Revising the Draft 333 Polishing the Draft 333 STUDENT ESSAY Bernice Olivas, "Can You Really Walk Away?" 335 Evaluating the Essay 337 Using What You Have Learned 337 CHAPTER 9 WRITING AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ESSAY 339 Writing About Culture 339 Motives for Writing Ethnography 340 Ethnography and Academic Writing 340 Features of the Form 341 READINGS343 ETHNOGRAPHIC ESSAY 1 Judith Ortiz Cofer, "The Myth of the Latin Woman: Just Met a Girl Named Maria" 344 Inquiring into the Essay 348 ETHNOGRAPHIC ESSAY 2 Patricia Leigh Brown, "For the Muslim Prom Queen, There are no Kings Allowed" 350 Inquiring into the Essay 353 ETHNOGRAPHIC ESSAY 3 Rebekah Nathan, "My Freshman Year: Worldliness and Worldview" 354 Inquiring into the Essay 357 SEEING THE FORM Mrs. Smith's Kitchen Table and Vanity the Day After She Died 358 THE WRITING PROCESS 359 Inquiry Project: Writing an Ethnographic Essay 359 Thinking About Subjects 359 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Commercial Ethnography 360 Generating Ideas 360 Listing Prompts 360 Fastwriting Prompts 361 Visual Prompts 362 Research Prompts 362 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Researching Trends and Subcultures on the Web 363 Judging What You Have 363 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 363 Questions About Audience and purpose 364 Research Considerations 365 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Questions Ethnographers Ask 365 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Ethnography and Ethics 366 FIELD NOTES Rita Guerra, "Field Notes on Friday Afternoon at Emerald Lanes" 368 Writing the Sketch 370 Moving from Sketch to Draft 371 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 371 Questions for Peer Review 371 Reflecting on What You've Learned 371 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 372 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Useful Library Databases for Ethnography 372 Composing the Draft 373 Methods of Development 373 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Digital Ethnography 373 Using Evidence 374 Workshopping the Draft 375 Reflecting on the Draft 375 Questions for Readers 375 Revising the Draft 375 Polishing the Draft 377 STUDENT ESSAY Kersti Harter, "Beyond 'Gaydar': How Gay Males Identify Other Gay Males" 378 Evaluating the Essay 388 Using What You Have Learned 388 PART3 INQUIRING DEEPER 389 CHAPTER 10 WRITING A RESEARCH ESSAY 391 Writing with Research 391 Research Essays, Research Papers, and Research Reports 392 Motives for Writing a Research Essay 393 The Research Essay and Academic Writing 394 Features of the Form 395 READINGS397 UNDOCUMENTED RESEARCH ESSAY Brian Doyle, "Joyas Voladoras" 397 Inquiring into the Essay 399 DOCUMENTED RESEARCH ESSAY Beth Bailey, "The Worth of a Date" 400 Inquiring into the Essay 404 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Reading Academic Research Essays 404 DOCUMENTED RESEARCH PAPER Tracy Lambert, Arnold Kahn, and Kevin Apple, "Pluralistic Ignorance and Hooking Up" 405 Inquiring into the Essay 414 SEEING THE FORM Idaho State Penitentiary, Women's Prison 415 THE WRITING PROCESS 417 Inquiry Project: Write a Research Essay 417 Thinking About Subjects 417 Generating Ideas 418 Listing Prompts 418 Fastwriting Prompts 418 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Julian's Journal 419 Visual Prompts 419 Research Prompts 419 Judging What You Have 420 What's Promising Material and What Isn't? 421 Is It a Researchable Question? 421 Questions About Audience and Purpose 422 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Finding the Focusing Question 423 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Julian's Journal 424 Writing the Sketch 424 STUDENT SKETCH Amy Garrett-Brown, "Why Do People Tan?" 425 Moving from Sketch to Draft 426 Evaluating Your Own Sketch 426 Questions for Peer Review 427 Reflecting on What You've Learned 427 Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information 427 Composing the Draft 428 Methods of Development 429 Using Evidence 430 Workshopping the Draft 431 Reflecting on the Draft 432 WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Being a Stranger in the Village 432 Questions for Readers 433 Revising the Draft 433 WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Everyday Research 435 Polishing the Draft 436 STUDENT ESSAY Gordon E. Seirup, "College Dating" 437 Evaluating the Essay 447 Using What You Have Learned 447 CHAPTER 11 RESEARCH TECHNIQUES 449 Methods of Collecting 449 Research in the Electronic Age 449 Magic Words That Open Doors 451 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Big Red Books (Online) 451 Google Your Boole 452 Developing Working Knowledge 456 A Strategy for Developing Working Knowledge 458 Developing Focused Knowledge 459 A Strategy for Developing Focused Knowledge 460 Library Research 460 Web Research 462 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Full-Text Articles and the Convenience Trap 464 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Methods of Recording Information 465 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Working Bibliography 465 Evaluating Library Sources 466 Evaluating Web Sources 467 Writing in the Middle: Synthesizing Source Information and Your Own Ideas 470 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS How to Annotate a Book 470 Double-Entry Journal 471 Research Log 471 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Claude's Research Log 472 Interviews 474 Arranging Interviews 474 Conducting the Interview 475 Using the Interview in Your Writing 477 Surveys 478 Defining a Survey's Goals and Audience 478 Types of Survey Questions 478 Crafting Survey Questions 479 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Types of Survey Questions 480 Conducting a Survey 481 Using Survey Results in Your Writing 482 Using What You Have Learned 483 CHAPTER 12 USING AND CITING SOURCES 485 Controlling Information 485 Using Sources 486 Summarizing 487 Paraphrasing 488 Quoting 489 Citing Sources 491 Avoiding Plagiarism 493 EXERCISE 12.1 The Accidental Plagiarist 494 MLA Documentation Guidelines 496 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Common Knowledge Exception 496 Citing Sources 497 Where to Put Citations 498 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Citations That Go with the Flow 498 When You Mention the Author's Name 499 When There Is No Author 499 Works by the Same Author 500 When One Source Quotes Another 501 Personal Interviews 501 Several Sources in a Single Citation 501 Sample Parenthetical References for Other Sources 502 Format 504 The Layout 504 Preparing the Works Cited Page 507 Format 508 Citing Books 509 Sample Book Citations 511 Citing Periodicals 514 Sample Periodical Citations 516 Citing Nonprint and Other Sources 518 A Sample Paper in MLA Style 522 APA Documentation Guidelines 522 How the Essay Should Look 522 Page Format 522 Title Page 523 Abstract 523 Body of the Paper 523 References Page 526 Appendix 526 Notes 526 Tables and Figures 526 Language and Style 527 Citing Sources in Your Essay 527 When the Author Is Mentioned in the Text 527 When the Author Isn't Mentioned in the Text 527 When to Cite Page Numbers 528 A Single Work by Two or More Authors 528 A Work with No Author 528 Two or More Works by the Same Author 528 An Institutional Author 529 Multiple Works in the Same Parentheses 529 Interviews, E-Mail, and Letters 529 New Editions of Old Works 530 A Web Site 530 Preparing the References List 530 Order of Sources 530 Order of Information 530 Sample References: Articles 533 Sample References: Books 534 Sample References: Other 538 A Sample Paper in APA Style 541 Using What You Have Learned 541 PART4 RE-INQUIRING 543 CHAPTER 13 REVISION STRATEGIES 545 Re-seeing Your Topic 545 Divorcing the Draft 546 Strategies for Divorcing the Draft 547 Photography as a Metaphor for Revision 548 Five Categories of Revision 550 Problems of Purpose 551 Revision Strategy 13.1: The Motive Statement 552 Revision Strategy 13.2: What Do You Want to Know About What You Learned? 553 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Julia's Draft 554 Revision Strategy 13.3: Finding the Focusing Question 554 Revision Strategy 13.4: What's the Relationship? 556 Problems with Meaning 557 Where Does Meaning Come From? 557 Methods for Discovering Your Thesis 558 Revision Strategy 13.5: Find the "Instructive Line" 558 Revision Strategy 13.6: Looping Toward a Thesis 559 Revision Strategy 13.7: Reclaiming Your Topic 560 Revision Strategy 13.8: Believing and Doubting 561 Methods for Refining Your Thesis 562 Revision Strategy 13.9: Questions as Knives 562 Revision Strategy 13.10: Qualifying Your Claim 564 Problems with Information 564 Revision Strategy 13.11: Explode a Moment 565 Revision Strategy 13.12: Beyond Examples 566 Revision Strategy 13.13: Research 567 Revision Strategy 13.14: Backing up Your Assumptions 568 Problems with Structure 568 Formal Academic Structure 569 Revision Strategy 13.15: Beginnings, Middles, Ends, and the Work They Do 570 Revision Strategy 13.16: Reorganizing Around Thesis and Support 571 Revision Strategy 13.17: Multiple Leads 573 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Types of Leads 574 Revision Strategy 13.18: The Frankenstein Draft 574 Revision Strategy 13.19: Make a PowerPoint Outline 576 Problems of Clarity and Style 577 Solving Problems of Clarity 578 Revision Strategy 13.20: The Three Most Important Sentences 578 The First Sentence 578 The Last Line of the first Paragraph 578 The Last line of the Essay 579 Revision Strategy 13.21: Untangling Paragraphs 579 Revision Strategy 13.22: Cutting Clutter 581 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Transition Flags 582 Revision Strategy 13.23: The Actor and the Action Next Door 583 Improving Style 584 Revision Strategy 13.24: Actors and Actions 584 Revision Strategy 13.25: Smoothing the Choppiness 585 Revision Strategy 13.26: Fresh Ways to Say Things 586 Using What You Have Learned 587 CHAPTER 14 THE WRITER'S WORKSHOP 589 Making the Most of Peer Review 589 Being Read 589 Divorcing the Draft 590 Instructive Talk 591 Models for Writing Workshops 592 Full-Class Workshops 592 Small-Group Workshops 593 One-on-One Peer Review 594 The Writer's Responsibilities 594 The Reader's Responsibilities 595 What Can Go Wrong and What to Do About It 596 INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Finding a Role 596 EXERCISE 14.1 Group Problem Solving 597 ONE STUDENT'S RESPONSE Amy's Perspective on Workshops 598 Methods of Responding 599 Experiential and Directive Responses 599 Response Formats 599 The No-Response Workshop 600 The Initial-Response Workshop 600 The Narrative-of-Thought Workshop 601 The Instructive-Lines Workshop 602 The Purpose Workshop 602 The Graphing Reader Interest Workshop 603 The Sum-of-the-Parts Workshop 604 The Thesis Workshop 605 The Editing Workshop 606 Reflecting on the Workshop 608 Using What You Have Learned 608 APPENDIX A The Writing Portfolio 609 What Is a Portfolio? 609 Types of Portfolios 610 Unevaluated Portfolios 610 Evaluated Portfolio 611 Why Require a Portfolio? 612 Organizing Portfolios 613 Writing a Reflective Letter or Essay 614 Final Preparations 616 APPENDIX B The Literature Review 617 What Is a Literature Review? 617 How to Write the Literature Review 618 Gathering Materials 618 Reading Strategies 619 Organizing 620 APPENDIX C The Annotated Bibliography 623 What Is an Annotated Bibliography? 623 How to Write an Annotated Bibliography 624 Gathering Materials 625 Reading Strategies 625 Writing the Annotated Bibliography 626 Sample Student Annotated Bibliography 626 APPENDIX D The Essay Exam 631 How to Write Essay Exams 633 Gathering Materials 633 Anticipating the Exam 633 Analyzing Essay Questions 634 Planning and Drafting 637 HANDBOOK 1 Sentence Boundaries 1A Fragments 1B Comma Splices 1C Fused Sentences 2 Sentence Inconsistencies 2A Parallelism 2B Coordination and Subordination 2C Mixed Sentences 2D Shifts 3 Problems with Modification 3A Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers 3B Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Modifiers 3C Adjectives and Adverbs 4 Verbs 4A Tense 4B Voice 4C Mood 4D Subject-Verb Agreement 5 Pronouns 5A Pronoun Case 5B Pronoun Reference 5C Pronoun Agreement 5D Relative Pronouns 6 Style 6A Conciseness 6B Appropriate Language 7 Punctuation 7A End Punctuation 7B Semicolon 7C Comma 7D Colon 7E Dash 7F Quotation Marks 7G Other Marks 8 Mechanics and Spelling 8A Capitalization 8B Abbreviation 8C Apostrophe 8D Italics 8E Hyphens 8F Numbers 8G Spelling 9 Review of Basic Grammar 9A Parts of Speech 9B Subjects and Predicates 9C Objects and Complements 9D Phrases 9E Clauses 9F Basic Sentence Patterns 9G Types of Sentences 10 Tips for ESL Writers 10A Articles 10B Verbs 10C Adjectives and Adverbs 10D Prepositions 10E Participles Credits Index