The oil-rich Niger Delta has, since crude oil was first discovered there in the 1950s, become the centre of social and political development in Nigeria. But alongside this has come an influx of multinational oil corporations and a situation of intense violence and disorder, as local groups (including social movements, militant youth groups and paramilitaries), the Nigerian state, and the multinationals all vie for control over the 'Oil Rivers'. Against this backdrop, Victor Ojakorotu assesses the (largely negative) economic, social and environmental consequences the proliferation of oil has had, as the conflict over the Niger Delta expands beyond the remit of the Nigerian state onto an international stage. This comprehensive and persuasive interpretation of the oil conflict in Nigeria emphasises the pivotal role of local social movements and the need to deal effectively with the negative effects of the oil industry. It is therefore a vital resource for researchers of Energy and Security Studies as well as those interested in the politics of the region itself.