The Middle East has been seen as one of the most volatile regions in the world. It appears to be the exception in the general global trend of peaceful cooperation, economic liberalisation, and relative democratisation. Is it destined to remain characterised by violent conflicts, authoritarian regimes and closed, inefficient economies? Political Economy of Regional Co-operation in the Middle East explores the current anatomy of regional cooperation and why it has often failed to take hold. It argues that focusing on international and regional factors alone is insufficient in explaining the prevailing instability in the region. Instead the authors highlight domestic factors as crucial to understanding conflict and co-operation in the Middle East. Using many examples and looking particularly at Turkey's experiences, this study shows why it is essential to mobilise domestic support for co-operation amongst countries and regions of the Middles East. Without such support from economic and social groups, inter-governmental co-operation is less likely to last. This study offers an alternative view of politics and international relations in the Middle East. The findings show that co-operation between many of the more open regimes, such as Israel, Jordan, Egypt, Palestine and Turkey can pave the way to increased stability in the region.