Table of Contents

Notation.- Semigroups.- Strings.- Semigroup strings with restrictions.- Ordered semigroup strings with restrictions.- Strings on rings.- Indeterminate strings.- Indeterminate strings with restrictions.- Restricted degree and order for indeterminate strings.- Indexing strings.- Nets.- Semigroup nets with restrictions.- Ordered semigroup nets with restrictions.- Nets on rings.- Indeterminate nets.- Indeterminate nets with restrictions.- Restricted degree and order for indeterminate nets.- Prechips.- Isobars for prechips and Premonic polynomials.- Substitutions.- Substitutions with restrictions.- Coordinate nets and Monic polynomials.- Graded ring of a ring at an ideal.- Graded ring of a ring.- Graded rings at strings and nets and the notions of separatedness and regularity for strings and nets.- Inner products and further notions of separatedness and regularity for strings.- Inner products and further notions of separatedness and regularity for nets.- Weighted isobars and weighted initial forms.- Initial forms for regular strings.- Initial forms for regular strings and nets.- Protochips and parachips.- N-support of an indexing string for 2?N?6.- Prescales.- Derived prescales.- Supports of prescales.- Protoscales.- Inner products for protoscales.- Scales and isobars.- Properties of derived prescales.- Isobars for derived scales.- Isobars and initial forms for scales.- Initial forms for scales and regular nets.- Isobars for protochips.- Initial forms for protochips and monic polynomials.