Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a common dental problem that occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that attack the tooth enamel. This acid can gradually dissolve the enamel, causing small holes or cavities to form in the teeth. If left untreated, tooth decay can progress and affect the deeper layers of the tooth, leading to tooth sensitivity, pain, and even tooth loss. Tooth decay is a preventable condition, and maintaining good oral hygiene practices, a healthy diet, and regular dental check-ups can help prevent it. The bacteria that cause tooth decay thrive on sugars and carbohydrates found in foods and drinks, which they convert into acid. If the acid is allowed to remain on the tooth surface, it can lead to demineralization of the enamel, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay. Tooth decay can occur in anyone, regardless of age, but it is most common in children and teenagers. Other risk factors include poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, certain medical conditions, and genetic factors. The symptoms of tooth decay may vary depending on the severity and location of the decay. In the early stages, there may be no symptoms at all, but as the decay progresses, common symptoms include tooth sensitivity, pain when eating or drinking, visible holes or discoloration on teeth, and bad breath.