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Management of Concentrate from Desalination Plants provides an overview of the alternatives for managing concentrate generated by brackish water and seawater desalination plants, as well as site-specific factors involved in the selection of the most viable alternative for a given project, and the environmental permitting requirements and studies associated with their implementation. The book focuses on widely used alternatives for disposal of concentrate, including discharge to surface water bodies; disposal to the wastewater collection system; deep well injection; land application; evaporation; and zero liquid discharge.
Direct discharge through new outfall; discharge through existing wastewater treatment plant outfall; and co-disposal with the cooling water of existing coastal power plant are thoroughly described, and design guidance for the use of these concentrate disposal alternatives is presented with engineers and practitioners in the field of desalination in mind. Key advantages, disadvantages, environmental impact issues, and possible solutions are presented for each discharge alternative. Easy-to-use graphs depicting construction costs as a function of concentrate flow rate are provided for all key concentrate management alternatives.Author Biography
Nikolay Voutchkov is an internationally recognized expert in the field of desalination and membrane application technology with extensive experience in supporting the development, procurement, financing, and implementation of large desalination projects worldwide. Mr. Voutchkov has received a number of prestigious awards from the International Desalination Association, the International Water Association, the WateReuse Association, and the American Academy of Environmental Engineers. He is one of the principal authors of the American Water Works Association’s Manual of Water Supply Practices on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration and of the World Health Organization’s Guidance for the Health and Environmental Aspects Applicable to Desalination. Mr. Voutchkov has authored or co-authored over 10 books and 100 technical articles in the field of desalination and management of brine from desalination plants. Gisela Kaiser works at Water Globe Consultants, LLC in Cape Town, South Africa.
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