Chinese idioms, steeped in history, offer wisdom through vivid metaphors. This article introduces the origins and modern meanings of 10 common Chinese idioms, including "完璧归赵", "退避三舍", "指鹿为马", "画龙点睛", "入木三分", "鞠躬尽瘁", "爱屋及乌", "百闻不如一见", "比上不足比下有余" and "笨鸟先飞". These idioms reflect historical stories and cultural essence of China. Chinese idioms are treasures of Chinese culture, encapsulating thousands of years of historical wisdom. This article compiles 10 common idioms in the order of their pinyin spellings, and details the background story and modern definition of each. The historical narratives behind these idioms reflect events, literary works and legends of ancient China, embodying the values, mindset and codes of conduct of the Chinese people. It is hoped that learning the origins of these idioms can deepen the understanding of China's excellent traditional culture and national spirit, and enable correct application of idioms in modern life to enhance language proficiency.