This volume explores more than a century of agrarian change in the irrigated areas of Tamil Nadu since the 1860s. The author presents a systematic analysis of Settlement Registers for 26 villages compiled at 30-year intervals between 1865 and 1925. The computer-processed data enables the author to trace micro-changes in caste-wise and size-wise distribution of landholdings of each village. Based on these data the author challenges the recent arguments that tend to deny structural changes in rural society in terms of landholdings under British rule. He identifies two different trends at work. The first was the gradual deterioration of the pattern of landownership characterised by the dominance of higher-caste landowners. This reflected a change in agriculture towards smaller farms, a tendency more or less held in common with agrarian developments in East Asia. The second trend witnessed was the growing stratification of the non-Brahman population as a result of the colonial transformation of Indian society.