PREFACE ON March 8th, 1913, a hundred years will have passed since David Livingstone was born. It is only forty years since his body was carried by faithful hands from the centre of Africa to the coast that he might be buried among his peers in Westminster Abbey. In those forty years great and astounding changes have been witnessed in the Continent which is associated with his fame. The campaign he fought against the slave-system that desolated the vast district drained by the Zambesi had to be renewed to free the population on the banks of the Congo. Southern Africa has been reconstructed and consolidated. The Upper and the Lower Nile have witnessed many strange vicissitudes of history. Other names have become great in mens mouths. Some have been associated with vast political enterprises while some, with a disinterestedness as noble as Living- stones, have been at once the pioneers and the martyrs of a Christian civilisation. Rut nothing that has happened since has diminished by a single laurel the wreath he won, and will wear for ever. With every decade his fame greatens and what- ever our views on African problems may be, we may all agree that her white population may well pray for a double portion of his spirit. At first it seemed unnecessary to re-write his life. The task has been so well fulfilled by many sympathetic biographers. For anyone who has the patience and the leisure it is to be found recorded in the fascinating pages of his journals. But it is so great a possession that there seemed to be room for yet another attempt to present it to those in our busy century who ask for short measure and a clear, simple narrative of facts. This is what the present biography aspires to be. The author has aimed not so tnuch at telling the story as at allowing the story to tell itself. It may be added that, in the belief of the writer, Livingstone is greatest, not as a scientist, nor an explorer, but as a man and a missionary. CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I ...I CHAPTER V ...85 CHAPTER V1 ...106 CHAPTER VII ...13s CHAPTER VIII ...165 CHAPTER IX ...179 CHAPTER XI- CHARACTERISTICS m . . 229 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS DAVID LIVINGSTONE ...Frontisjiece THE CLYDE AND RUINS OF THE OLD MILL AT ELANTYRE...S . . PAGE . I3 WHERE LIVINGSTONE LIVED AT ONGAR . 13 LIVINGSTONE ATTACKED Rk A LION ...32 PREACHING ON TEIE JOURNEY UP-COUNTRY . . 77 THE TRAGEDY OF CENTRAL AFRICA ...161 I READ THE BIBLE THROUGH FOUR TIMES WHILST I WAS IN MANYUEMA ...169 THE MANYUEMA AMBUSCADE ...175 STANLEY FINDS 1,IVINGSTONE . . 181 ON THE LAST MARCH ...211 CARRYING THE BODY TO THE SEA . 223 MAP OF LIVINGSTONES JOURNEYS IN AFRICA .