This volume focuses on the musicscapes that contest, critique, and rethink Mediterraneidad (Mediterraneaness) in Contemporary Spain, and understands it as a fluid and elusive sociological, cultural, and artistic category. In its traditional formulation, Mediterraneidad concerns the mythical image of “Mediterranean harmony” represented by the metaphor of the mosaic. The volume argues that since the 1990s we have witnessed a shift in which the mosaic has been superseded by the net: a figure that represents the linking of urban nodes and trans governmental networks, migratory movements, and cultural fluidity. Further, this book assesses how Mediterraneidad became, within the realm of music, the site and sign of a diverse array of social issues such as the formulation of Catalan, Valencian, Andalusian, and Mallorcan national identities, with the 2017 Catalan Independence process taking center stage. Using diverse methodologies—data-driven sociological approaches; ethnographic and anthropological tools; feminist and gender theories—the authors also address the rapidly changing social landscape that started in the 1980s due to global migrations as well as the dismantling of traditional gender dynamics.