The relevance of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as industrial microbes today is next only to that of the common baker´s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The interest in LAB as health-promoting organisms dates back to the early 20th-century, when Elie Metchnikoff suggested that the consumption of Lactobacteria contributes to the prolonging of life by modifying the gastrointestinal microbiota of the individuals. The production and consumption of health-promoting lacto-fermented probiotics for human use have increased, and the molecular mechanisms of Lactobacilli interactions with the host both in health and disease represent a growing field in bacteriological survey. Many women become frustrated by the intermittent use of antimicrobial moieties whose therapeutic efficacy is waning due to the escalating incidence of microbial strains that are becoming refractory to the current arsenal of drugs. The flora of the urogenital tract is abnormal in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared with those of healthy women. The use of probiotics to restore the normal vaginal flora and to provide a competitive bacterial barrier is becoming increasingly acceptable.