The book traces the theory and concept of School effectiveness researches in abroad and India .The origin of school effectiveness stem from reactions to the work on equality of opportunity undertaken by (Coleman et al.,1966) and (Jencks et al.,1972).These two studies coming from two different disciplinary backgrounds (i.e., Sociological and Psychological) came almost to a similar conclusion in relation to the amount of variance that can be explained by educational factors.The methodological model for measuring school effectiveness for the present study were Rational goal model, Hierarchical linear model and Value added model and the School effectiveness was measured at Multilevel i.e. Classroom, School and School types at the secondary level. The prominent findings were teachers and their work contribute to school effectiveness and not the school type in itself. Cost of education in each school is different If it is controlled, schools do make a difference, irrespective of whether it is a municipal school or private-unaided school.Socio-Economic Status (SES) and Cost of Education influence the classroom climate-This implies that schools reinforce existing social inequalities.