Contents Page INTRODUCTION A.D.600, THE MIDDLE EAST IN DISINTEGRATION THE RISE AND DECLINE OF THE MUSLIM CIVILIZATION,(610-1517) THE OTTOMAN AND PERSIAN EMPIRES, AND THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN ENTERPRISE (1517-1770) BRITAIN AND HER RIVALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (I770-I9I4) MODERNIZATION AND THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM,(1800-1917) THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE (1918-39) THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND AFTER (1939-48) PRESENT-DAY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS RUSSIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (1907-47) THE WESTERN POWERS AND THE MIDDLE EAST TO-DAY LIST OF AUTHORITIES INDEX Maps1. THE MIDDLE EAST2. THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY3. THE EXPANSION OF THE ARAB EMPIRE4. MUSLIM DOMINION IN THE TENTH CENTURY5. PRINCIPAL MUSLIM DYNASTIES6. THE CRUSADER CJ3EACH-HEAD?7. MONGOL INVASIONS8. THE EXPANSION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE9. THE EGYPTIAN ^EMPIRE* IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY10. THE CDRANG NACH OSTEN?11. ARAB ASIA, 191412.'UNPARTITIONABLE' PALESTINE13. MIDDLE EAST ECONOMIC RESOURCES14. PERSIANS, KURDS AND THE U.S.S.R.