Associate Professor Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos Associate Professor Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos is Head of the Host-pathogen Interactions and Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Laboratory at La Trobe University, Australia. She is also the Deputy Director of the La Trobe Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles. Her recent research activities focus on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions with particular focus on bacterial membrane vesicles. Associate Professor Kaparakis-Liaskos obtained her PhD from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Melbourne in Australia in 2005. She then undertook post-doctoral studies at Monash University, working on innate immune responses to Helicobacter pylori and bacterial outer membrane vesicles. She then headed a research group at the Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Australia during which time she identified the mechanisms whereby OMVs were detected by NOD1 and were degraded by autophagy. In 2016, she joined La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia, where her research is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the Victorian Endowment for Science Knowledge and Innovation (veski).  Professor Thomas A. Kufer Professor Thomas Kufer is head of the Department of Immunology at the University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. His primary research interests are focused on understanding the functions of NLR proteins in host-pathogen interactions, immunity and inflammation. Professor Kufer obtained his PhD (Dr. rer. nat.) in Cell Biology from the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich in 2004. He then undertook post-doctoral studies in the laboratories of Dana Philpott and Philippe Sansonetti in the Pasteur Institute in Paris working on the intracellular pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 in the context of Shigella flexneri infection. Subsequently he headed a junior research group funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene at University of Cologne in Germany working on innate immune responses mediated by NLR proteins. In 2014 he was recruited at the University of Hohenheim as professor for immunology.