Since publication of the first edition, models of advection-dominated accretion flows and their comparison with observations have been much developed and deepened, including the cases of super-Eddington accretion. The launch of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer led to the discovery of high-frequency oscillations, which opened a new field of discoseismology. In addition, development of observational techniques show that the time when we see a direct image or silhouette of black holes is in the near future. Considering these situations, we fully revised the first edition in order to meet the developments mentioned above.