This volume represents the combined thinking and contributions of many chromatographers. It includes several in-depth feature chapters covering the beginnings of chromatography, which highlight M.S. Tswett, the inventor of chromatography, and several other early pioneers. Included are the contributions of several Nobel laureates, an extensive bibliography of publications on the history of the evolution of chromatography; a presentation of major international symposia supporting chromatography and as a bridge to selected sciences. Also, special chapters are written by well-known chromatographers on support and stationary phases, and separations followed by a chapter on paradigm shifts in science. Two chapters cover the early evolution of scientific instrumentation and chromatography around the world detailing the research in Japan, Russia, China, Latin America, and many other countries. Chapter S-14 presents several future chromatographers of the 21st Century who received their PhDs in 1999 with their abstracts and selected references. This is followed by a projection into the 21st Century on the impact of chromatography - the advances made in many science disciplines - and the development of emerging technologies in the new millennium. New discoveries in the biosciences and medicine, agriculture, the environment and separations technology in the 21st century will rely immeasurably on the 20th century research tools in chromatography and those yet to be developed.