The monograph charts a new course for comparative economics as the field devoted to the study of the organization of economies, their behaviour, and outcomes. It examines economic systems as mechanisms for co-ordinating decisions and allocating resources at macro level of national companies, cartels and franchises. A systematic approach to the description and comparison of economic systems and their outcomes is elaborated, and a framework is developed for analyzing the effects of the environment, the system, and policies and outcomes. Capitalist firms, government-owned firms, nonprofit organizations, employee-owned firms, and labour unions are analyzed in detail. The problems limiting the efficiency of organizations are shown to be of technical-administrative nature, where rationally bounded members act in support of the goals set by the principals-controllers of the organization, or of an agency-managerial type, where they act to further their own interests. The reasons, methods and outcomes of system change in general and in Russia and Eastern Europe in particular are analyzed, using the analytical apparatus developed in the monograph.