This two-volume work presents a decision-making tool which enables manufacturers and scientists to undertake life cycle assessment (LCA) of new products from the design and development stages. The methodology allows the environmental consequences of a product to be assessed in the same way as traditional commercial parameters such as price and strength. It is in accordance with international consensuses, as defined by SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Moreover, the methodology discussed in the text has made the individual steps operational by creating a method data basis for the assessment.