Formal planning systems are increasingly important tools for organizations seeking to improve their strategic decision making and performance. This authoritative text provides a detailed overview of the current state of the art in formal planning, including a discussion of the theoretical and practical underpinnings of the field, key trends and challenges, and case studies of successful implementation in a range of industries. Whether you're a practicing manager or a strategic planning consultant, this book is an indispensable guide to the latest best practices in formal planning. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.