The proposed work is a study of survival and criminal cannibalism across the world from pre-Christian times to the present day. This is the ninth and final volume in a series of books on human cannibalism world-wide. The work includes source material ranging from recent scientific publications and journalism to the older narratives of explorers, historians, anthropologists, and psychologists.An approach of comparative analysis is adopted in which many historical and recent sources are presented for comparison. The work is not intended to be strictly academic because primary, secondary, and popular sources are used, but it is intended to be thorough, accessible, and incorporates many interesting human stories. Recent historical and archaeological information is provided to further assist substantiation or refutation of accounts of human cannibalism. This is where it is hoped that the proposed work will differ from, and improve upon what has gone before. By virtue of the ethno-historical record, most information about cannibalism has come from the early modern and modern periods. The challenge has been to find a way of discussing a cultural practice that is odious to Western sensitivities, while paradoxically exerting a lurid attraction over the popular imagination.The work is founded upon scientific controversy over the actual existence or true extent of cannibalism among humans, which really began with publication of 'The Man-Eating Myth' by anthropologist Williams Arens in 1979. Over subsequent years archaeological discoveries have appeared to at least partly refute Arens' claims that stories of man-eating in the ethno-historical record are largely nonsense or fantasy.Debate on the subject among anthropologists has not ended, and incidents of cannibalism continue to occur in some of the world's most intractable trouble-spots. The work predominantly covers famine and hunger caused by natural forces and human agencies such as warfare and misadventure. Also presented are disturbing accounts of criminal cannibalism perpetrated by some of the most notorious psychopathic killers ever known. As with previous volumes of this series the approach used compares and contrasts evidence to assess the veracity of reports of cannibalism. Written and verbal historical accounts (with many quotations) are combined and compared with modern anthropological and archaeological data where these are available. Wherever possible primary sources have been used.Sensationalism has been avoided and no judgments are cast upon populations and people reported to have been man-eaters by necessity. The psychological profiles of human killer-cannibals are investigated as far as possible to determine how and why they developed their criminal and cannibal behaviours.