This book explains the changes that have occurred in welfare states since the early 1970s and considers some of the policy dilemmas that have arisen. Each of the chapters begins with an introduction to set the scene, followed by an examination of the theoretical and conceptual perspectives of the sector under discussion. Chapters analyse the major changes in the sectors, with issue-based conclusions highlighting the policy dilemmas identified in the chapters. The influence of ideology and values is given prominence throughout.*It successfully integrates theory, ideology and practice, enabling students to more sensitively understand the major influences on policy developments and providing them with the means of evaluating their consequences. *A cross-national approach provides a perspective on different welfare systems.