There are two main trends distinguishable amongst Muslim reformists - revivalists and modernists. This book charts and analyses the main trends of Muslim reformist political thought in Bukhara. It is the first to utilize original sources preserved in Soviet archives that were previously inaccessible to western scholars. The author has translated numerous original documents from Tajiki and Russian into English. This book thus serves as a useful resource for students of Islam, Central Asia, the former Soviet Union, and of law, politics and philosophy. Chapter One deals with the historical background to reformism in Bukhara, with special attention paid to the socio-political, economic, cultural and religious changes which took place in the Emirate of Bukhara during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Chapter Two examines the work of Ahmad Donish, the chief precursor of the Bukharan reformist movement. Donish stressed the need for reason and modern knowledge in contemporary life, as well as the need for political reform in Bukhara. The exposition of his ideas and reform proposals is based on his encyclopedic work Navadir-ul-Voqai. Chapter Three considers the history of the reformist movement in Bukhara. It surveys the general background of reformism in Islam. The emergence of the first pro-reform organisations in Bukhara and the Young Bukhara Party are discussed and the impact of the Russian revolution upon them. Chapter Four is devoted to the socio-political thought of Abdal Rauf Fitrat, the most influential thinker of the Jadid movement. He argued that reason, science and modern education are compatible with Islam. Khan concludes by evaluating the significance of the political thought of Donish, Fitrat and the Bukharan Jadid movement in the broader context of reformist politcal thought in the Muslim World. Khan concludes by evaluating the significance of the political thought of Donish, Fitrat and the Bukharan Jadid movement in the broader context of reformist politcal thought in the Muslim World.