In the last decade, we have seen pathbreaking advances in processor design and specialized hardware for graphics applications and neural networks. This second-level textbook on computer architecture captures the latest developments in the field. It starts from basic undergraduate-level computer architecture concepts and takes the reader through an exciting journey of 14 chapters. The book is divided into three parts: out-of-order processor design and GPUs, multiprocessors and memory systems, and advanced topics. It specifically covers many state-of-the-art topics such as the design of high-performance GPUs and their graphics pipelines, architectures of the latest Intel, AMD and Qualcomm processors, methods to design secure chips, architectural simulation, nonvolatile memory technologies and contains a thorough treatment of hardware for all kinds of ML algorithms. It explains rigorous theoretical concepts in a very conversational style. About the Author: Prof. Smruti Ranjan Sarangi is the Usha Hasteer Chair Professor in the Computer Science and Engineering Department at IIT Delhi (joint appointment with the Department of Electrical Engineering). He has published roughly 120 papers in the areas of computer architecture and systems software in prestigious conferences and journals, has been granted 5 US patents, and has filed 7 Indian patents. He takes an avid interest in computer science teaching and has been very active in designing school-level CS curricula for one of the largest school boards in the world, and policies and curricula for undergraduate and postgraduate programs throughout India. He has authored a textbook on undergraduate level computer architecture, "Basic Computer Architecture". For many of his contributions, he received the ACM Outstanding Contributions to Computing Education Award (OCCE) in 2022.