A primary source collection of the Akkadian and Sumerian texts housed at the University of Pennsylvania. Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia is the third and final volume of published cuneiform texts housed at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Presented in parallel transliteration, these 433 unique texts were excavated between 1889 and 1900 and include contemporary Sumerian literature and science. From temple administration documents to ration lists and votive items, this collection of primary materials provides insight into the lives of hundreds of men and women employed at the temple in the city of Ekur and sheds light on various ancient social relationships not otherwise described in previous sources.