The disease in which increased bone weakness aggravates the risk of a broken bone is known as osteoporosis. If the bone breaks, it leads to chronic pain and difficulties in carrying out normal activities. Osteoporosis is commonly associated with the bones of the forearm, the vertebrae in the spine and the hip. It may occur due to either lower or greater than normal bone mass. It may also occur due to alcoholism, surgical removal of ovaries, anorexia, kidney disease, chemotherapy, etc. Dual-ray X-ray absorptiometry is the most common method to measure it. The imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation is the underlying mechanism in most cases. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of osteoporosis and the recent researches related to it. Different approaches, evaluation and advanced studies on the disease have been included herein. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of osteoporosis.