Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major medical issues of the twenty one century, and till now there is no definite and exact cause of this disease, so many genetic studies was done on this field. some of these studies have shown that polymorphisms on chromosome ten and three within the adiponectin gene rs266729 and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene rs7903146 respectively are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).from these polymorphisms is SNP rs266729 in adiponectin gene, and SNP rs7903146 in TCF7l2 gene.and these polymorphisms can cause variations in BMI, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. This study has confirmed that rs266729 of adiponectin gene significantly increase the risk of T2DM although its not for rs7903146 of TCF7l2 gene and this possibly due to genetic variations between populations.