France, 1797: the country lies prostrate, but the revolution rages on, pulverising what little is left of a nation once considered the pinnacle of European civilisation, the apex of elegance, fashion, and refinement. 17,000 people guillotined, including the King and his wife, Marie Antoinette; stately homes ransacked, libraries turned to ash, farms picked clean by theft and confiscations, severed heads and limbs on public display, and in the countryside, instances of vengeful cannibalism are recorded. All supported by high-flown rhetoric and lofty moral ideals. How could this have occurred? Was it a spontaneous anomaly, or the execution of a plot? Surely, a hard winter, the price of bread, sclerotic sinecures, and neglected provinces are not guarantees of a massacre. Could it be that it was orchestrated by seditious elements operating within secret societies? Could it be that the Enlightenment ideas they propagated were but the self-serving platitudes of narcissists intent on tearing down the monarchy, the church, and civil society? Were the Freemasons, the Illuminati, and the German Union the true instigators of the catastrophe? Alarmed by what he once observed in continental lodges and convinced that the hidden hands of destruction still posed a threat, John Robison's Proofs was an effort to warn his countrymen. He exposes the malefactors, their organisations, and their methods of recruitment and infiltration; he analyses their character and psychology; and he provides a systematic critique of their ideological vapourings. Sensational when first published but soon forgotten, Proofs has remained tremendously influential nevertheless, being the first book in English to interpret historical events as the result of a conspiracy.
Author Biography:
John Robison (1739 - 1805) was a Scottish physician and mathematician. As a young man he sailed with the Royal Navy on General James Wolfe's expedition to Quebec and Portugal, where his mathematical skills were employed in navigation and surveying. In 1766 he succeeded Joseph Black as Professor of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. He later travelled to Saint Petersburg as the secretary of Admiral Charles Knowles, where he taught mathematics to the cadets at the Naval Academy at Kronstadt, obtaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. Once back in Scotland, he taught philosophy at the University of Edinburgh and was the first General Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The inventor of the siren, and collaborator of James Watt in the development of an early steam car, he contributed articles to the Encyclopaedia Britannica on science, mathematics, and technology.
