John Mackinnon Robertson (1856-1933) was a Scottish journalist, author, and politician known for his work in various fields, including literature, history, and philosophy. Here are some key aspects of J. M. Robertson's life and career: Early Life and Education: Robertson was born on November 14, 1856, in London, England, to Scottish parents. He studied at the University of Edinburgh. Journalism and Writing: Robertson had a successful career in journalism and contributed to various publications. He served as the editor of The National Reformer, a periodical associated with secularism and freethought. His writings covered a wide range of topics, including religion, politics, history, and literature. Rationalism and Freethought: Robertson was a prominent advocate of rationalism and freethought. He was known for his critiques of religion and his defense of secular and scientific principles. His works often reflected a commitment to reason, evidence, and skepticism of supernatural claims. Political Career: In addition to his literary and philosophical pursuits, Robertson was involved in politics. He served as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918. His political career was marked by his support for causes such as secularism, free thought, and social reform. Literary Contributions: Robertson wrote extensively on various subjects. His literary output included works on history, philosophy, and biography. Some of his notable books include "A Short History of Freethought," "Christianity and Mythology," and "The Saxon and the Celt." Contributions to Rationalist and Secular Movements: Robertson was actively involved in the rationalist and secularist movements of his time. He engaged in debates, discussions, and public lectures to promote secular and scientific thinking. Legacy: J. M. Robertson's legacy lies in his contributions to the promotion of rationalism, secularism, and freethought. His writings, particularly his critiques of religious dogma, influenced the intellectual climate of his era. It's important to note that J. M. Robertson's views and writings were controversial in their time, as he challenged prevailing religious norms and advocated for a more secular and scientifically grounded worldview. As with any historical figure, opinions about Robertson's work may vary, but he remains a notable figure in the history of freethought and rationalist movements.