Over the past two decades, organization studies has become increasingly pluralistic, with a series of highly charged debates across intellectual `divides'. It is these debates and their consequences for the current position and future development of organization studies that Rethinking Organization addresses. The first section reviews and evaluates the most significant theoretical developments of the last two decades, focusing in particular on the various ways in which `organization' has been conceptualized as the basis for organizational analyses. The second section examines a range of issues related to the major transformations in organizational forms currently occurring throughout advanced industrial societies. Final contributions outline a range of emergent new perspectives which not only present challenges both to the `old' and `new' orthodoxies of the field but also herald important new directions for its future development.