This work is an addition to a series of annual publications of the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL) that address major issues, the latest research and the best practices in the field of adult literacy and learning. Volume 4 opens with an overview of significant recent developments in the field. Subsequent chapters cover a wide range of topics critical to the success of adult education and literacy services in the United States, such as race, class, gender and sexual orientation; the role of workplace education in building adults' basic skills; the role of new learning technologies in adult education and literacy; adult developmental theories and their implications for the teaching of adult basic education and English to speakers of other languages; and traditional and contemporary adult learning theories, including an annotated bibliography of key resources.