The Mexican Revolution was a major revolution that comprised several armies' local conflicts rather than a single cohesive war. It eliminated the Federal Force and replaced it with an inventive force, transforming Mexican civilization and governance at the same time. It also resulted in the promulgation of a new constitution that included the revolutionaries' utopian ideas. Political independence was not the goal of the battle for independence. Unlike their northern counterparts, Mexican revolutionaries sought to reshape their civilization. The rebellion's leaders said from the start that if it were only a political event, it would be incomplete, if not pointless. Scott Stevenson gives a well-rounded overview of nineteenth-century Mexico's complicated and turbulent political landscape but pays special emphasis to the early phases of the insurrection under the priests Miguel Hidalgo and José Mara Morelos. Hidalgo vowed to abolish slavery immediately and focus his pleas on the poor, but he also sanctioned looting and terrible acts of brutality. This brutality would eventually cost Hidalgo, Morelos, and the entire country dearly, resulting in the revolution's inability to achieve substantial social and political progress. While Mexico achieved independence from Spain, serious socioeconomic inequities persisted and would fester for another century. Stevenson expertly recounts the important leaders and struggles, compelling us to reevaluate what "independence" meant and means now in Mexico.