Nine million people in the United States live in rural poverty. This large segment of the population has generally been overlooked even as considerable attention, and social conscience, is directed to the alleviation of urban poverty. This volume focuses on poor people in rural settings. Rural poverty is not confined to one section of the country or to one ethnic group. It is a national problem and the resolution of hidden America's persistent economic plight will now depend on a better understanding of who is poor and why. The chapters describe the declining opportunities available in rural areas including the social, educational, and political factors that so often pose barriers to economic advancement. Part one provides a comprehensive description of the poor population and an analysis of rural poverty's underlying dynamics. Low wages, the character of rural labour markets, and chronic inter-generational poverty are considered to lay the basis for formulating responses. Part two looks at the condition of particular groups suffering poverty in rural areas. These include African-Americans, Appalachians, native Americans, and migrant workers. It addresses the special problems of those who, although in relatively prosperous rural areas, live at or below the poverty level. Part three looks at successful lessons from the past and evaluates current steps that may be taken to frame policy recommendations that will mitigate present stress, foster improved opportunities, and open a better life to America's rural poor.