M H Bala Subrahmanya is a Senior Professor at the Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is an economist specializing in industrial economics and has written on a wide range of topics in his research such as: start-ups; micro firms; SMEs; large scale enterprises including TNCs; industrial R&D and technological innovations; entrepreneurship; industrial energy consumption; industrial subcontracting; and productivity and industrial performance. He has published 59 articles in a wide range of international journals and in excess of 100 articles in Indian journals. Dr H. S. Krishna is an independent research consultant based in Bengaluru, India. He has over two decades of professional experience spanning across academia, entrepreneurship and industry. Dr Krishna's research interests are entrepreneurial ecosystems, with particular focus on high-tech start-ups, transnational entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial learning. His research papers have been published in refereed national and international journals. Prior to his academic stint, Dr Krishna had a successful career in the software industry for about a decade. He held multiple leadership roles in Strategy & Technology and Software Product Development Divisions at IBM India, IBM USA, Rational Software and Keane India.