An essential aspect of Herod the Great's responsibilities as king of Judaea was his role as a builder. He created a record of architectural achievement, not only in Judaea but also throughout Greece and the Roman east. This text systematically presents and discusses all the building projects known to have been initiated by Herod, and locates this material in a broad and cultural context. It provides insights into Roman architecture and examines how Herod was instrumental in the diffusion of the Augustan architectural revolution into the provinces and was the first to build outside Italy such Italian architectural forms as the basilica, amphitheatre, villa and Italian temple. The text considers how Herod's legacy provided a groundwork for the architectural Romanization of the east, influencing the construction of the great temple complexes and palaces familiar from later architecture. In addition to providing a catalogue of the building projects, this study is also an exploration of international relations in the eastern Mediterranean at the beginning of the Roman imperial period.