This book tells the story of a fertile European country that, as a result of over-population and military armament, over-exploited its fields and forests in a nonsustainable fashion. By the eighteenth century, Denmark, along with other European countries, found itself in an ecological crisis: clear felling of forests, sand drift, floods, inadequate soil fertilization and cattle disease. This book explains how the crisis was overcome, and is the first attempt to understand early modern Europe from a consistently ecological viewpoint.

Table of Contents

List of illustrations; Preface; Introduction; Part I. Denmark, 1500-1750: A Country in an Ecological Crisis: 1. The road to the crisis; 2. The anatomy of the crisis; Part II. The Ecological Revolution: 3. The green revolution; 4. The energy and raw materials revolution; Part III. The New Denmark; 5. Landscape; 6. Labour burden and social structure; 7. The disease pattern; 8. Power; Part IV. The Driving Forces Behind the Danish Revolution, 1500-1800; 9. Agrarian reforms; 10. Technology and communications systems; Part V. The Inheritance: 11. The social and political inheritance: individualism and the liberal democratic society; 12. The ecological inheritance; Appendices; Sources and bibliography; Index.