Rachel Murray is Professor of International Human Rights Law and Director of the Human Rights Implementation Centre at the University of Bristol Law School. Her specialist areas are human rights in Africa, particularly the African Charter and its Commission and Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and the African Union, national human rights institutions, the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) and implementation. Her publications include Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture (2011), The Role of National Human Rights Institutions at the International and Regional Levels (2007), Human Rights in Africa, from Organization of African Unity to African Union (2004), The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: The System at Work, with Malcolm Evans (2008), and The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and International Law (2000). Debra Long is a Research Associate at the Human Rights Implementation Centre of the University of Bristol and a UK qualified lawyer who has specialised in the rights of persons deprived of their liberty. Her work has a particular focus on the African human rights system and the prevention of torture and other ill-treatment. At the regional level Debra was closely involved in the drafting of the Robben Island Guidelines for the Prevention of Torture in Africa (RIG), which were subsequently adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in 2002. Recently she has also been involved in the 'Article 5 Initiative', a partnership which has developed a package of tools for the domestication and implementation of the UN Convention against Torture in Africa.