Pierre Auriel has been a Ph.D candidate at the University Paris-II Panthéon-Assas since 2014. He is a member of the Michel Villey Institute for legal culture and philosophy of law and the European Law Centre. He won the Guy Carcassonne Prize for the best article on constitutional law (2015). His work mainly focuses on constitutional theory, European law, and the theory of fundamental rights.  Olivier Beaud was a professor of public law (State Professorship) at the University of Lille from 1990 to 1998. He was then elected to the University of Paris-II Panthéon-Assas (2008–). He has twice been a member of the University Institute of France, as a junior (1993–1998) and as a senior (2012–2017). He work currently focuses on constitutional law, constitutional theory, and legal theory, particularly comparisons between the French and German legal doctrines. Carl Wellman is an Emeritus Hortense and Tobias Lewin Distinguished Professor in the humanities at Washington University in Saint Louis. He was born in 1926, graduated from the University of Arizona in 1949, and received his doctorate from the Harvard University in 1954. He taught at the Lawrence College from 1953 until 1968 and then at Washington University from 1968 until 1999. His major publications are Welfare Rights, 1982; A Theory of Rights, Persons Under Laws, Institutions, and Morals, 1985; Real Rights, 1995; An Approach to Rights, 1997; The Proliferation of Rights, Moral Progress or Empty Rhetoric, 1999; Medical Law and Moral Rights, 2009; The Moral Dimensions of Human Rights, 2011, and Terrorism and Counterterrorism – A Moral Assessment, 2013; Constitutional Rights: What They Are and What They Ought to Be, 2016.